7 - "Chanel a donne la liberte aux femmes, YSL , le pouvoir", Adieu Monsieur Saint Laurent

Legendary designer

Yves Saint Laurent dies at 71

AP

Posted: 2008-06-01 23:44:31

By ELAINE GANLEY
Associated Press Writer

PARIS (AP) - Legendary designer Yves Saint Laurent, who reworked the rules of fashion by putting women into elegant pantsuits that came to define how modern women dressed, died Sunday evening, a longtime friend and associate said. He was 71.

Pierre Berge, Saint Laurent's business partner for four decades, said he had died at his Paris home following a long illness.

A towering figure of 20th century fashion, Saint Laurent was widely considered the last of a generation that included Christian Dior and Coco Chanel and made Paris the fashion capital of the world, with the Rive Gauche, or Left Bank, as its elegant headquarters.

In the fast-changing world of haute couture, Saint Laurent was hailed as the most influential and enduring designer of his time. From the first YSL tuxedo and his trim pantsuits to see-through blouses, safari jackets and glamorous gowns, Saint Laurent created instant classics that remain stylish decades later.

"I am saddened by the loss of such a legendary talent," designer Tommy Hilfiger said in an e-mailed statement to The Associated Press. "He was a creative genius who changed the world of fashion forever."

"Chanel gave women freedom" and Saint Laurent "gave them power," Berge said on France-Info radio. Saint Laurent was a "true creator," going beyond the aesthetic to make a social statement, Berge said.

When Saint Laurent announced his retirement in 2002 at age 65 and the closure of the Paris-based haute couture house he had founded 40 years earlier, it was mourned in the fashion world as the end of an era. His ready-to-wear label, Rive Gauche, which was sold to Gucci in 1999, still has boutiques around the world.

"Mr. Saint Laurent revolutionized modern fashion with his understanding of youth, sophistication and relevance. His legacy will always be remembered," said Calvin Klein designer Francisco Costa.

Saint Laurent was born Aug. 1, 1936, in Oran, Algeria, where his father worked as a shipping executive. He first emerged as a promising designer at the age of 17, winning first prize in a contest sponsored by the International Wool Secretariat for a cocktail dress design.

A year later in 1954, he enrolled at the Chambre Syndicale school of haute couture, but student life lasted only three months. He was introduced to Christian Dior, then regarded as the greatest creator of his day, and Dior was so impressed with Saint Laurent's talent that he hired him on the spot.

When Dior died suddenly in 1957, Saint Laurent was named head of the House of Dior at the age of 21. The next year, his first solo collection for Dior - the "trapeze" line - launched Saint Laurent's stardom. The trapeze dress - with its narrow shoulders and wide, swinging skirt - was a hit, and a breath of fresh air after years of constructed clothing, tight waists and girdles.

In 1960, Saint Laurent was drafted into military service - an experience that shattered the delicate designer, who by the end of the year was given a medical discharge for nervous depression.

Bouts of depression marked his career. Berge, the designer's longtime business partner and former romantic partner, was quoted as saying that Saint Laurent was born with a nervous breakdown.

Saint Laurent returned to the spotlight in 1962, opening his own haute couture fashion house with Berge. The pair later started a chain of Rive Gauche ready-to-wear boutiques.

Life Magazine hailed his first line under his own label as "the best collection of suits since Chanel."

Nowhere was Saint Laurent's gift more evident than the valedictory fashion show that marked his retirement in January 2002.

Forty years of fashion were paraded in a 300-piece retrospective that blurred the boundaries of time, mixing his creations of yesterday and today in one stunning tribute to the endurance of Saint Laurent's style. He also designed costumes for theater and film.

There was the simple navy blue pea coat over white pants, which the designer first showed in 1962 when he opened his couture house and kept as one of his hallmarks.

His "smoking," or tuxedo jacket, of 1966 remade the tux as a high fashion statement for both sexes. It remained the designer's trademark item and was updated yearly until he retired.

Also from the 60s came Beatnik chic - a black leather jacket and knit turtleneck with high boots - and sleek pantsuits that underlined Saint Laurent's statement on equality of the sexes. He showed that women could wear "men's clothes," which when tailored to the female form became an emblem of elegant femininity.

"More than any other designer since Chanel, YSL represented Paris as the style leader," The Independent of London wrote in an editorial after Saint Laurent's retirement. "By putting a woman in a man's tuxedo, he changed fashion forever, in a style that never dated."

In his own words, Saint Laurent said he felt "fashion was not only supposed to make women beautiful, but to reassure them, to give them confidence, to allow them to come to terms with themselves."

Some of his revolutionary style was met with resistance. There are famous stories of women wearing Saint Laurent pantsuits who were turned away from hotels and restaurants in London and New York.

One scandal centered on the designer himself, when he posed nude and floppy-haired for a photographer in 1971, wearing only his trademark thick black glasses, to promote his perfume.

Saint Laurent's rising star was eternalized in 1983, when the Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted a show to his work, the first ever to a living designer.

Subsequent shows at the Hermitage in St. Petersburg and in Beijing made him a French national treasure, and he was awarded the Legion d'Honneur in 1985.

When France basked in the glory of its 1998 World Cup soccer final, it was Saint Laurent who took center field pre-kick off with an on-field retrospective at the Stade de France.

In 1999, Saint Laurent sold the rights of his label to Gucci Group NV, ceding control of his Rive Gauche collection, fragrances, cosmetics and accessories for US$70 million cash and royalties.

Industry insiders cited friction between Saint Laurent and Gucci's creative director, Tom Ford, as a likely factor in the fashion guru's decision to retire three years later. Ford stepped down in 2003.

When he bowed out of fashion in 2002, Saint Laurent spoke of his battles with depression, drugs and loneliness, though he gave no indication that those problems were directly tied to his decision to stop working.

"I've known fear and terrible solitude," he said. "Tranquilizers and drugs, those phony friends. The prison of depression and hospitals. I've emerged from all this, dazzled but sober."

Associated Press writers Rachid Aouli and Joelle Diderich in Paris and Samantha Critchell in New York contributed to this report.

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YVES SAINT LAURENT ( En Francais)

 

06/01/08 23:43 EDT

 

Yves Saint Laurent, l'un des couturiers majeurs du XXe siècle, est décédé dimanche à l'âge de 71 ans des suites d'une longue maladie.

 

Il avait notamment pour emblèmes le tailleur pantalon ou le smoking pour les femmes.

Yves Saint Laurent était l'une des grandes figures de la mode au XXe siècle et l'un des créateurs français les plus connus dans le monde.

sur ce sujet

La santé du couturier était déclinante depuis plusieurs mois en raison d'une tumeur au cerveau, au point qu'il ne venait plus au siège de la griffe, transformée en 2004 en Fondation, où il avait toujours son bureau. Pierre Bergé, le compagnon de toute sa vie, s'est déclaré «bouleversé».

 Pour lui, Yves Saint Laurent restera dans le panthéon de la mode avec Coco Chanel.

«(Gabrielle) Chanel a donné la liberté aux femmes. Yves Saint Laurent leur a donné le pouvoir. Il a quitté le territoire esthétique pour pénétrer sur le territoire social. Il a accompli une oeuvre à portée sociale», a-t-il dit sur France Info.

Les obsèques d'Yves Saint Laurent auront lieu jeudi à l'église Saint-Roch à Paris.

Débuts fulgurants

Né le 1er août 1936 à Oran (Algérie), celui qui s'appelle alors Yves-Mathieu Saint-Laurent débute aux côtés de Christian Dior, le couturier le plus célèbre de l'après-guerre. La mort prématurée de l'inventeur du New-Look le propulse directeur artistique de la maison Dior dès la fin des années 1950.

Avec sa ligne «Trapèze» (1958), qui rompt avec les tailles de guêpe de l'époque, le mince et timide jeune homme de 20 ans fait toute de suite sensation. En 1961, il crée sa propre maison en partenariat avec Pierre Bergé. Ensemble, le premier à la création, le second à la gestion, ils vont bâtir une griffe qui symbolise toujours l'élégance française.

Une nouvelle liberté aux femmes

Yves Saint Laurent était un homme timide et réservé.[Keystone]

Ancré dans son temps, il donnera aux femmesune nouvelle liberté en modernisant la couture et créant un prêt-à-porter puisé dans le vestiaire masculin: caban, saharienne, tailleur-pantalon et bien sûr smoking, porté par exemple avec une blouse très transparente, autre emblème Saint Laurent.

Le président français Nicolas Sarkozy a salué la mémoire du maître en affirmant qu'avec lui «disparaît un des plus grands noms de la mode, le premier à élever la haute couture au rang d'un art en lui assurant un rayonnement planétaire».

Féru de théâtre, d'opéra et de littérature, Yves Saint Laurent a dessiné des bijoux, des décors et des costumes pour des pièces et des spectacles. Toujours à l'avant-garde, il a créé des parfums, dont le premier Opium, en 1977, fut un succès immédiat et lancé le prêt-à-porter de luxe en ouvrant un magasin rive gauche.

Accompagner la libération féminine

«Je me suis toujours élevé contre les fantasmes de certains qui satisfont leur ego à travers la mode. J'ai au contraire toujours voulu me mettre au service des femmes. J'ai voulu les accompagner dans ce grand mouvement de libération que connut le siècle dernier», avait-il dit lors de l'annonce de ses adieux à la haute couture en 2002.

La maison Saint Laurent sera vendue deux fois: en 1993 à Elf Sanofi et en 1999 au groupe Gucci, filiale du groupe français PPR, qui a scindé la griffe en deux entités, la haute couture étant préservée au 5 avenue Marceau où Yves Saint Laurent créera ses modèles jusqu'en 2002. Cette année-là et pour ses adieux, il a présenté au centre Georges Pompidou, à Paris, un défilé rétrospective de 40 ans de création à la fin duquel il a été ovationné.

ats/cer